Special Report: Optical Patterns

Edge Emitter Surface Emitter Size (mm) 300 X 3 X 3 10 X 10 X 5 Active layer (mm) 300 X 3 X 0.1 10 X 10 X 0.01 Threshold current 5 - 20 mA A few microamperes to several milliamperes Reflector Cleaved, 30 % reflectivity High reflectivity (99.9%) Fabry Perot spacing Long cavity, small spacing Short cavity, large spacing Single mode Transverse easier Single longitudinal mode Beam profile Elliptical Circular Output power up to 4 W (cw) up to 100 mW (CW), 1 W (pulsed) Polarization Easy control Requires special control 2-D Integration Difficult Easy Fabrication and testing Requires cleave before test Easy on-chip testing

Table 12.1. Comparison of edge emitting laser diodes and surface emitting laser diodes

Figure captions

Fig. 12.1. (a) Vertical cavity surface emitting microlaser, (b) edge emitting diode laser. (Reprinted from Ref. [4] by Jewell et al.)

Fig. 12.2. Scanning electron micrographs of vertical cavity surface emitting microlasers. (VCSEL's, SELDA's or microlasers) (Reprinted from Ref. [4] by Jewell et al.)

Fig. 12.3. Light output power versus current and voltage versus current curves of a typical microlaser. (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [18] by Morgan et al., © 1993 IEEE.)

Fig. 12.4. Matrix addressing of a microlaser array. (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [28] by Orenstein et al., © 1991 IEE.)

Fig. 12.5. Optically addressable integrated SELDA: (a) structure of the device, (b) light-output versus light-input relationship. (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [30] by CHAN ET AL, APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, 58, 2342-2344, 1991. © 1991 American Institute of Physics.)

Fig. 12.6. 2-D MC-SELDA: (a) device, (b)wafer. (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [36] by Chang-Hasnain et al., © 1991 IEEE.)

Fig. 12.7. Wavelength tuning of a microlaser by a deformable membrane mirror. (Reprinted with permission from Ref. [38] by Wu et al, © 1991 IEE.)

Fig. 12.8. Classification of optical correlators. TDI, time delay and integration.

Fig. 12.9. Multichannel optical correlator with a mutually incoherent microlaser array. FT, Fourier transform. (Reprinted from Ref. [66] by Yang and Gregory, © 1995 Optical Society of America.)

Fig. 12.10. Compact and robust incoherent correlator: (a) system, (b) experimental results.

Fig. 12.11. Compact and ultrafast holographic memory with a microlaser array. Fig. 12.12. Breaking degeneracy by use of multiple wavelengths.

Fig. 12.13. Compact and ultrafast holographic memory readout with 2-D (Angle + Wavelength) multiplexing by a 2-D MC-SELDA.

Fig. 12.14. Holographic associative memory for word-break recognition.

Fig. 12.15. Holographic memory readout with an array of holographic neurons: (a) system, (b) experimental results.

Fig. 12.16. Time division multiplexing-based holographic associative memory with a SELDA.

Fig. 12.17. Planar integration of a coherent optical processor (a) coherent optical processor; (b) planar integration. (Reprinted from Ref. [86] by Jahns et al.© 1995 Optical Society of America.)

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